Neuron Diagram Labelled with Its Different Parts

Neurons are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system. The neuron is also known as a nerve cell. Neurons or neurones receive sensible signals from the outer world or send signals to muscles. There are three types of neurons according to their function.

The Sensory neurons respond to stimuli such as touch, sound, and light that affect the cells of the sensory organs. After that, the signal is sent to the spinal cord or brain.

Motor neurons do the opposite work of the sensory neuron. They receive signals from the brain or spinal cord and control everything from muscle contractions to glandular output.

Interneurons make connections between multiple neurons within the same region in the brain or spinal cord. So they are responsible for signal transmission between multiple neurons. When multiple neurons are connected together through interneurons and form a network then it is called a neural circuit.

Anyway, in this article we are going to see the Neuron Diagram and its different parts. This internal diagram of neuron will help you to understand its internal structure and the location of each part. This diagram will be very helpful for class 6 to 12 students as they can easily draw it.

Download Image

As shown in the above diagram, neurons have the following parts,

1. Cell Body
2. Soma
3. Axon
4. Dendrite
5. Nucleus
6. Myelin
7. Ranvier Node
8. Schwann Cell
9. Axon Terminal

The size of the neuron is 100 microns or 0.1 millimeters approximately. And the size of the axon is 1 meter or 1000 millimeters. Scientists are saying that there are approximately 86 billion neurons are there in the human brain.

Neurons consist of three main parts: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the cell's organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes. Dendrites are branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors, while the axon is a long, slender extension that transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

The point of connection between two neurons is called a synapse. Synapses are specialized junctions where communication occurs between neurons. When an electrical signal, known as an action potential, reaches the axon terminal of a neuron, it triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to specific receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, transmitting the signal onward.

The complex network of interconnected neurons forms the basis of information processing, learning, memory, and other cognitive functions. It is estimated that the human brain contains billions of neurons, each with its own unique connections and signaling properties. This intricate neuronal network allows for the integration and coordination of sensory input, motor output, and higher-order cognitive processes, contributing to the functioning of the nervous system as a whole.

See Also: 

• Human Heart Diagram Labelled with Different Parts
• Animal Cell Diagram Labelled with Its Different Parts
• Plant Cell Diagram Labelled with Its Different Parts
• Structural Diagram of Nucleus Labelled with Different Parts
• Nephron Diagram Labelled with Its Different Parts