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Automatic Water Pump Control with Moisture Sensor Circuit Diagram

Last Updated on: 2023-04-29T11:02:25Z , , , ,


Hey, in this article we are going to see the circuit diagram of Automatic Water Pump Control with Soil Moisture Sensor that is used in automatic water irrigation systems or automatic plant watering systems. Although there is a complete module available in the market you just need to install and connect the power supply, water pump, and sensor and it will work fine. But here, we have shown the detailed circuit diagram for students or people who want to build this circuit as an electronic project. So it will clear your knowledge about the working principle of moisture sensors, automation systems, etc. 

Also, you can build this circuit in your home for your mini plant or garden. Here, we have used a small DC motor for the water pump but you can use a high voltage and high capacity motor with this circuit. You just need a high-voltage power supply and a high-voltage switching relay such as a 230V AC relay with a 6V DC coil supply.


List of Components Required

  • LM393 IC - 1 PCs
  • 10K Preset - 1 PCs
  • Resistor 1K - 2 PCs, 10K - 1 PCs
  • 0.1uF Ceramic Capacitor - 2 PCs
  • LED Green Color - 1 PCs, Red Color - 1 PCs
  • Moisture Sensor without module - 1 PCs
  • 6V Relay - 1 PCs
  • 1N4007 Diode - 1 PCs
  • 6V DC Water Pump
  • 6V DC Power Adapter or SMPS


Circuit Diagram


Here, you can see the Automatic Water Pump Control with Soil Moisture Sensor Circuit Diagram and the connection between each component.

Automatic Water Pump Control using Moisture Sensor Circuit Diagram



Connection Procedure


Building the Sensor Circuit Module(If you buy the whole sensor circuit module then you can skip these steps)
  1. Connect Pin No 8(Vcc) of the LM393 IC to the positive terminal(Vcc) of the power source.
  2. Connect Pin No 4(Ground) of the LM393 IC to the negative terminal(Ground) of the power source.
  3. Connect the Power Terminal of the 10K Preset to the positive terminal of the power source.
  4. Connect the Ground Terminal of the 10K Preset to the negative terminal of the power source.
  5. Connect the Output Terminal of the 10K Preset to Pin No 2(Inverting Input A) of the LM393 IC.
  6. Also, connect the Output Terminal of the 10K Preset to the negative terminal of the power source in series with a 0.1uF Ceramic Capacitor.
  7. Connect a series combination of a 10K resistor and a 0.1uF ceramic capacitor between the positive and negative terminals of the power source.
  8. Connect Pin No 3(Non-Inverting Input) of the LM393 IC and the positive terminal of the moisture sensor to the joint of the 10K resistor and 0.1uF ceramic capacitor.
  9. Also, connect the Analog Output(AO) terminal to the positive terminal of the moisture sensor.
  10. Connect the negative terminal of the moisture sensor to the negative terminal of the power source.
  11. Connect Pin No 1(Output A) of the LM393 IC to the Digital Output(DO) Terminal.
  12. Connect the red LED between the positive and negative terminals of the power source in series with a 1 Kilo Ohm resistor.
  13. Connect the green LED between Pin No 1(Output A) of the LM393 IC and negative terminals of the power source in series with a 1 Kilo Ohm resistor.

Now our sensor circuit module is ready. It has four terminals - Vcc, Ground, AO(Analog Output), and DO(Digital Output).


The connection between Sensor Module, Power Supply, and Motor(If you buy the moisture sensor with the complete module then follow the below steps)
  1. Connect the positive terminal of the power source(6V DC SMPS or Adapter) to the Vcc terminal of the sensor module.
  2. Connect the Negative terminal of the power source(6V DC SMPS or Adapter) to the Ground terminal of the sensor module.
  3. Connect the negative terminal of the relay coil to the Negative terminal of the power source or ground terminal of the sensor module.
  4. Connect the positive terminal of the relay coil to the Digital Output or DO terminal of the Sensor Module.
  5. Connect a 1N4007 Diode in reverse bias across the relay coil.
  6. Connect the common terminal of the relay to the positive terminal of the power source used for the motor(here the same 6V power supply is used).
  7. Connect the NO terminal of the relay to the positive terminal of the water pump motor.
  8. Connect the negative terminal of the water pump motor to the negative terminal of the power source used for the motor.


Operation Working Principle


If the soil is wet then the sensor module will produce a LOW output signal so the relay will not activate and the pump will be in the off condition. But when the soil is getting dry the sensor module will create HIGH output signal so the relay will be activated and the NO contact becomes NC so the water pump will get the power supply and it will pump water to the garden. The 10K preset is used to vary the sensitivity of the sensor module.


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Automatic Water Pump Control with Moisture Sensor Circuit Diagram Automatic Water Pump Control with Moisture Sensor Circuit Diagram Reviewed by Author on April 25, 2023 Rating: 5
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